Plant of the Month, February 2011

Complete Index
February Index

Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata'


E
xtra notes and interesting information:

Leaves, bark, and broken seeds are poisonous, although toxicity varies from plant to plant. Symptoms may include cardiac or respiratory failure. The poisonous substances in yew are pseudo-alkaloids known as taxines. The red aril is non-poisonous and is eaten by birds, thrushes and waxwings. Yew was often planted in church yards. This may have been done to keep cattle out as the owners did not want them eating the poisonous plants.


The Florencecourt Yew growing in County Fermanagh Northern Ireland was found as a sapling in the nearby Cuilcagh mountains by a local farmer in 1740. Later visitors to the estate found the unusual vertical shape desirable and many cuttings were taken. The plant was propagated throughout the kingdom. In 1820 the tree was commercially propagated.
Yews were used widely for bow making in England and Wales. Yew was so popular, mature trees were no longer to be found.
Yew as originally used ,means the color brown. Yew comes from the proto-German iwa.
bacatta is Latin for bearing red berries.
fastigiate means having erect branches tapering toward the top as in the Lombardy Poplar.


Other cultivars/species:

'Adpressa' a dense, spreading female shrub, with short , wide abruptly pointed leaves, to 1/2 in. long.

'Dovastonii Aurea' a small female tree with spreading branches, pendent branchlets, and yellow-margined leaves borne on golden yellow shoots.
'Rapendens' is female and spreads over the ground forming a mound; to 24 inches.

 

Great Plant Pick
RHS Award of Garden Merit

Common Name: Irish Yew
Family: Taxaceae

Plant Type: Conifer. Evergreen tree/shrub, narrowly columnar or spindle form. 'Fastigiata' is columnar and female with radially set leaves.
Height/Spread: 7 to 8 feet high by 3 feet wide in 10 years.
Foliage: Leaves are needles which are dark green above, streaked with dull green and narrow shining midrib below. Needles arranged spirally on stem, but with leaf bases twisted to align needles in 2 flat rows either side of the stem, except on erect leading shoots.

Bark and Stem: Thin scaly brown bark, flakes off in small pieces aligned with stem.
Fruit: The fruit is called a drupe. The poisonous seed is partly surrounded by a modified scale which develops into a soft red berry-like structure called an aril 8-15 mm (.31-.59 in) long and wide and open on the end.
Diseases/Pests: Black vine weevil, mealybugs, mites, and scale insects can be troublesome. Phtyophthora dieback, root rot, and needle blights sometimes occur.

Growing Conditions: Sun or shade. Tolerates many soil conditions, except strongly alkaline or acid soils.
Hardiness:
USDA Zones 6 to 9.

Natural Range: Irish Yew -  Florence, Ireland. The English Yew is native throughout Europe.
Garden Location: Perennial Border Beds 05,06,10,11
Garden Use:
Shrubby cultivars used in landscaping. Very useful as it grows well in shade or sun and in most soils, is drought tolerant, deer tolerant, pollution tolerant, and can be severely pruned if needed. Used as specimen plant or in hedges. Does well at seashore also.
Propagation: The tree is female and can only be propagated from cuttings or grafting. The original Irish Yew trees were found in Ireland in 1780.


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