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Extra
notes and
interesting
information:
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Leaves,
bark,
and
broken
seeds
are
poisonous,
although
toxicity
varies
from
plant to
plant.
Symptoms
may
include
cardiac
or
respiratory
failure.
The
poisonous
substances
in yew
are
pseudo-alkaloids
known as
taxines.
The red
aril is
non-poisonous
and is
eaten by
birds,
thrushes
and
waxwings.
Yew was
often
planted
in
church
yards.
This may
have
been
done to
keep
cattle
out as
the
owners
did not
want
them
eating
the
poisonous
plants. |
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The
Florencecourt
Yew growing in
County Fermanagh
Northern Ireland
was found as a
sapling in the
nearby Cuilcagh
mountains by a
local farmer in
1740. Later
visitors to the
estate found the
unusual vertical
shape desirable
and many
cuttings were
taken. The plant
was propagated
throughout the
kingdom. In 1820
the tree was
commercially
propagated.
Yews
were used widely
for bow making
in England and
Wales. Yew was
so popular,
mature trees
were no longer
to be found.
Yew
as originally
used ,means the
color brown. Yew
comes from the
proto-German iwa.
bacatta is
Latin for
bearing red
berries.
fastigiate
means having
erect branches
tapering toward
the top as in
the Lombardy
Poplar. |
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Other
cultivars/species:
'Adpressa' a
dense, spreading
female shrub,
with short ,
wide abruptly
pointed leaves,
to 1/2 in. long.
'Dovastonii
Aurea' a small
female tree with
spreading
branches,
pendent
branchlets, and
yellow-margined
leaves borne on
golden yellow
shoots.
'Rapendens' is
female and
spreads over the
ground forming a
mound; to 24
inches. |
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Common Name:
Irish Yew
Family: Taxaceae
Plant Type: Conifer.
Evergreen tree/shrub, narrowly columnar or spindle form. 'Fastigiata'
is columnar and female with radially set leaves.
Height/Spread:
7 to 8 feet high by 3 feet wide in 10 years.
Foliage: Leaves are needles
which are dark green above, streaked with dull green and narrow
shining midrib below. Needles arranged spirally on stem, but with
leaf bases twisted to align needles in 2 flat rows either side of
the stem, except on erect leading shoots.
Bark
and Stem: Thin scaly
brown bark, flakes off in small pieces aligned with stem.
Fruit:
The fruit is called a drupe. The poisonous seed is partly
surrounded by a modified scale which develops into a soft red
berry-like structure called an aril 8-15 mm (.31-.59 in) long and
wide and open on the end.
Diseases/Pests: Black vine weevil, mealybugs, mites, and
scale insects can be troublesome. Phtyophthora dieback, root rot,
and needle blights sometimes occur.
Growing
Conditions: Sun or shade. Tolerates many soil conditions,
except strongly alkaline or acid soils.
Hardiness:
USDA Zones 6 to 9.
Natural
Range:
Irish Yew - Florence,
Ireland. The English Yew is native throughout Europe.
Garden Location:
Perennial Border Beds
05,06,10,11
Garden Use:
Shrubby cultivars used in
landscaping. Very useful as it grows well in shade or sun and in
most soils, is drought tolerant, deer tolerant, pollution tolerant,
and can be severely pruned if needed. Used as specimen plant or in
hedges. Does well at seashore also.
Propagation: The tree is female
and can only be propagated from cuttings or grafting. The original
Irish Yew trees were found in Ireland in 1780.
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